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Evaluation of Continuing Education in the Health Professions

The State of the Art

University of Southern California, School of Medicine

In this article the author discusses three "levels" of the state of the art: the "ideal," for program evaluation; the " practical," with political limitations; and the "actual," for current practices. Starting with a review of the developmental stages of effectiveness variables (from attendance and "happiness" through professional performance and patient outcomes), the article updates a review by Lloyd and Abrahamson (1979) and then discusses current practices. Evaluation as a potential contamination factor leads into consideration of evaluation versus research. Finally a review of "lessons learned" over the last twenty years introduces a look ahead into exploitation of the state of the art.

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