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Evaluation & the Health Professions, Vol. 27, No. 2, 119-151 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/0163278704264049

Applications of Hierarchical Linear Models for Evaluations of Health Interventions

Demystifying the Methods and Interpretations of Multilevel Models

Ann A. O’Connell

University of Connecticut

D. Betsy McCoach

University of Connecticut

Despite the wide availability of statistical programs designed to deal with longitudinal data from a multilevel perspective, many applied researchers remain unfamiliar with the benefits of this methodology, particularly for the evaluation of interventions. The authors present an example of multilevel modeling as part of the analysis of evaluation data from an HIV intervention study. Strategies for understanding multilevel models using longitudinal (panel) data are demonstrated and discussed. The authors illustrate how multiple linear regression models provide a convenient conceptual background to understanding how hierarchical linear models can be developed and interpreted. Multilevel analysis results are compared and contrasted with typical approaches through general linear models for repeated-measures data. Analyses are presented using the SPSS and HLM 5 software.

Key Words: HIV prevention • hierarchical linear modeling • longitudinal analysis


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