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Evaluation & the Health Professions
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Evaluating Emergency Medical Services

Quasi-Experimental Outcome Studies

Lawrence Bergner

Seattle-King County Health Department, Department of Health Sciences, University of Washington

Mickey Eisenberg

King County Emergency Medical, Services Division University of Washington

Alfred Hallstrom

Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington

The need to evaluate expensive, dramatic, and politically sensitive emergency medical services programs when classical controlled trials are neither ethically nor practically possible can be satisfied by quasi-experimental designs. The sequential implemen tation of paramedic services in several suburban areas provided a natural experimental situation in which to evaluate whether addition of the service could significantly alter the outcome of cardiac emergencies compared to the basic emergency medical technician program previously available. Before measurements and after measurements were made in a study area plus two control areas: one with paramedic services in both time periods and the other with emergency medical technican service throughout. Preliminary results indicate successful resuscitation increased from 20% to 32% (p < .05) and discharge from the hospital went from 8% to 18% (p<.01). The implications for program and policy decisions are noted. Development of studies that evolved from this work are outlined

Evaluation & the Health Professions, Vol. 2, No. 1, 3-19 (1979)
DOI: 10.1177/016327877900200101
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